Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
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https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.379
Heri Satria
Kamisah Delilawati Pandiangan
Hapin Afriyani
Diska Indah Alista
A substantial number of by-products, such as peel and residue, are generated from cassava production in Indonesia but are often neglected, posing a significant environmental challenge. In response to this issue, this research reports the valorization of these processing by-products into functional, cellulose-based hydrogels for drug delivery applications. The research developed an optimized methodology that ensures the near-complete removal of starch from cassava-based waste. This process consistently yields isolated cellulose characterized by a dual-population size distribution across both waste sources, reflecting the successful extraction of distinct fiber fractions. The synthesis of these hydrogels via graft polymerization was supported by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis, which showed the emergence of characteristic peaks for C=O and N–H groups indicated the incorporation of the graft polymer into the hydrogel network. The results revealed notable structural and performance differences, with the cassava residue cellulose (CRC)-hydrogel exhibiting a superior, highly porous, and well-interconnected network compared with cassava peel cellulose (CPC)-hydrogel. This translated to a greater maximum swelling ratio (51.87 g/g) and enhanced water retention, which directly influenced its drug delivery capabilities. The CRC-hydrogel demonstrated a higher entrapment efficiency for ascorbic acid (22.47 w/w%) and a faster, more predictable diffusion-controlled release profile, as confirmed by Higuchi kinetic modelling. Furthermore, it proved to be a more effective delivery system for amoxicillin at a concentration of 25 µg. This study concludes with a systematic route for the fabrication of value-added functional hydrogels from abundant agricultural waste. This work helps in sustaining the environment and utilization of biocompatible material for biomedical applications (drug delivery, wound healing) by providing a reliable synthetic path from cassava residue to porous matrix.
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