Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
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https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.325
Tri Wahono
Mara Ipa
Triwibowo Ambar Garjito
Yuneu Yuliasih
Agung Puja Kesuma
Muhammad Fajri Rokhmad
Sunardi Sunardi
Hafiz Permana Putra
This study aimed to validate molecular xenomonitoring (MX) as a post-MDA surveillance tool for lymphatic filariasis in Belitung District, Indonesia. Lymphatic filariasis (LF) is a mosquito-borne parasitic disease caused by filarial worms such as Brugia malayi, which remains a significant public health concern in tropical regions, including Indonesia. Belitung District, historically endemic for LF, implemented the Mass Drug Administration (MDA) from 2005 to 2010 as part of Indonesia's national eradication program. Despite achieving WHO certification as filariasis-free in 2017, sporadic LF cases persisted, prompting the need for effective post-MDA surveillance tools. MX, which detects parasite DNA in mosquitoes, has emerged as a complementary strategy to assess transmission risks and validate elimination efforts. This study conducted field validation of MX in two LF-endemic villages in Belitung District: Cerucuk and Lassar. Mosquitoes were collected using resting catches, human bait, and traps (CDC Light Trap and BG Sentinel Trap) across various habitats. Collected mosquitoes were pooled and tested for B. malayi DNA using conventional PCR. A total of 1,270 mosquitoes were collected, and 144 pools were analyzed for parasite DNA. No B. malayi DNA was detected in any of the 144 mosquito pools tested. The dominant mosquito species collected included Culex gelidus, Anopheles letifer, and Armigeres subalbatus in Cerucuk, and A. letifer, Culex vishnui, and Culex quinquefasciatus in Lassar. The absence of parasite DNA suggests that LF transmission may have been interrupted in these areas, likely due to the success of previous MDA campaigns. The findings indicate that MX is a valuable tool for post-MDA surveillance, particularly in areas with persistent ecological risks. While the results suggest interrupted transmission, continued surveillance is essential to confirm these findings and prevent resurgence. MX can complement existing methods, contributing to more effective LF elimination strategies in Indonesia and other endemic regions.
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