Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
##plugins.themes.gdThemes.journalSlogan##
Scopus CiteScore 2024
4.8
Calculated on 05 May, 2025
SJR 2024
0.31
Powered by scimagojr.com
##plugins.themes.gdThemes.journalSlogan##
4.8
Calculated on 05 May, 2025
0.31
Powered by scimagojr.com
https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.288
Tulus Subagyo
Denny Widhiyanuriyawan
Agung Sugeng Widodo
I Nyoman Gede Wardana
Global energy challenges and environmental problems encourage the search for sustainable energy solutions, with TiO₂-based solar cells that are still limited to its efficiency due to low light absorption and charge recombination. This study aims to examine the synergistic effect of curcuma and SiO₂ dye from rice husk waste in improving the energy efficiency of TiO₂ solar cells. The research methodology involves the fabrication of sensitive solar cells with different layer compositions: TiO₂ only, TiO₂ with one layer of SiO₂ (1L-SiO₂), two layers (2L-SiO₂), and three layers (3L-SiO₂). The TiO₂ photoanode is prepared using the screen printing method, followed by loading coloring through immersion in the curcuma coloring solution. The performance of solar cells is evaluated using the current voltage measurement (I-V) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) to analyze efficiency, charge transportation, and recombination processes. The results show that the addition of SiO₂ increases the efficiency of solar cells, with 1L-SiO₂ producing the highest compilation of short circuit (JSC) 0.37 mA/cm², showing an increase in cargo transportation. However, 1L-SiO₂ shows a decrease in performance due to excessive thickness, which leads to an increase in charge recombination and internal resistance. Impedance analysis confirms that 1L-SiO₂ optimizes cargo transportation but also increases recombination resistance, which affects overall efficiency. Adding SiO₂ from rice husk waste increases the efficiency of TiO₂-based solar cells, with curcuma coloring increases light absorption and charge transfer. However, excessive SiO₂ layers reduce performance due to higher recombination and resistance. Further research is needed to optimize the thickness of the layer and dye stability.
[1] M. E. Wilson, M. G. Rukh, and M. A. Ashraf. (2021). "The role of nanotechnology, based on carbon nanotubes in water and wastewater treatment". Desalination and Water Treatment. 242 : 12-21. 10.5004/dwt.2021.27568.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2021.27568[2] G. Yashni, A. A. Al-Gheethi, R. M. S. R. Mohamed, S. N. H. Arifin, and N. H. Hashim. (2019). "Synthesis of nanoparticles using biological entities: an approach toward biological routes". Desalination and Water Treatment. 169 : 152-165. 10.5004/dwt.2019.24666.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24666[3] Widjanarko, N. Alia, P. Fengky Adie, U. Pondi, and E. Puspitasari. (2024). "Sustainable Power Generation through Dual-Axis Solar Tracking for Off Grid 100Wp Photovoltaic Systems". Evrimata: Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 118-124. 10.70822/evrmata.v1i04.63.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70822/evrmata.v1i04.63[4] B. Sun, F. Zhao, Y. Cheng, C. Shao, M. Sun, M. Yi, Y. Wang, X. Wang, S. Zhu, and X. Cai. (2023). "Synthesis and characterization of polymetallic Fe-Co-Ni-S nanocomposite displaying high adsorption capacity for Rhodamine B dye". Desalination and Water Treatment. 303 : 200-211. 10.5004/dwt.2023.29758.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2023.29758[5] N. Farooq, P. Kallem, Z. ur Rehman, M. Imran Khan, R. Kumar Gupta, T. Tahseen, Z. Mushtaq, N. Ejaz, and A. Shanableh. (2024). "Recent trends of titania (TiO2) based materials: A review on synthetic approaches and potential applications". Journal of King Saud University - Science. 36 (6). 10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103210.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jksus.2024.103210[6] V. Seithtanabutara, N. Chumwangwapee, A. Suksri, and T. Wongwuttanasatian. (2023). "Potential investigation of combined natural dye pigments extracted from ivy gourd leaves, black glutinous rice and turmeric for dye-sensitised solar cell". Heliyon. 9 (11): e21533. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21533.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21533[7] M. K. Hossain, M. F. Pervez, M. N. H. Mia, A. A. Mortuza, M. S. Rahaman, M. R. Karim, J. M. M. Islam, F. Ahmed, and M. A. Khan. (2017). "Effect of dye extracting solvents and sensitization time on photovoltaic performance of natural dye sensitized solar cells". Results in Physics. 7 : 1516-1523. 10.1016/j.rinp.2017.04.011.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2017.04.011[8] N. Khansili and P. M. Krishna. (2022). "Curcumin functionalized TiO2 modified bentonite clay nanostructure for colorimetric Aflatoxin B1 detection in peanut and corn". Sensing and Bio-Sensing Research. 35. 10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100480.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbsr.2022.100480[9] A. Fall, N. L. Botha, H. E. Ahmed Mohamed, K. J. Cloete, J. Sackey, B. D. Ngom, and M. Maaza. (2023). "Photocatalytic response of bio-engineered nano-TiO2 via Adansonia digitata leaves’ natural extract". Materials Today: Proceedings. 10.1016/j.matpr.2023.09.127.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2023.09.127[10] S. C. Ezike, C. N. Hyelnasinyi, M. A. Salawu, J. F. Wansah, A. N. Ossai, and N. N. Agu. (2021). "Synergestic effect of chlorophyll and anthocyanin Co-sensitizers in TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells". Surfaces and Interfaces. 22. 10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100882.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2020.100882[11] M. Yavarzadeh, F. Nasirpouri, L. J. Foruzin, and A. Pourandarjani. (2024). "Photocurrent response loss of dye sensitized solar cells owing to top surface nanograss growth and bundling of anodic TiO(2) nanotubes". Heliyon. 10 (2): e24247. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24247.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e24247[12] A. Błaszczyk, K. Joachimiak-Lechman, S. Sady, T. Tański, M. Szindler, and A. Drygała. (2021). "Environmental performance of dye-sensitized solar cells based on natural dyes". Solar Energy. 215 : 346-355. 10.1016/j.solener.2020.12.040.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solener.2020.12.040[13] M. Kozin, M. S. Mustapa, Y. A. Winoko, and E. Faizal. (2023). "Solar Charger Controller Efficiency Analysis of Type Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) and Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT)". Asian Journal Science and Engineering. 1 (2). 10.51278/ajse.v1i2.546.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.51278/ajse.v1i2.546[14] V. Jagadeeswara Reddy, M. Fairusham Ghazali, and S. Kumarasamy. (2024). "Innovations in phase change materials for diverse industrial applications: A comprehensive review". Results in Chemistry. 8. 10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101552.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rechem.2024.101552[15] S. Kumar, S. J, S. S. Sharma, H. Paliwal, G. Manikanta, J. Giri, S. M. M. Hasnain, and R. Zairov. (2024). "Developments, challenges, and projections in solar battery charging in India". Results in Engineering. 24. 10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103248.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2024.103248[16] Reynaldo and Y. A. Winoko. (2024). "ESP 8266-Based Car Battery Current And Voltage Monitoring Design". Evrimata: Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 51-56. 10.70822/evrmata.vi.43.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70822/evrmata.vi.43[17] J. A. Abdalla, R. A. Hawileh, A. Bahurudeen, Jittin, K. I. Syed Ahmed Kabeer, and B. S. Thomas. (2023). "Influence of synthesized nanomaterials in the strength and durability of cementitious composites". Case Studies in Construction Materials. 18. 10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02197.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cscm.2023.e02197[18] B. Irawan, S. Hadi, S. Hadi, and K. Witono. (2023). "Analysis of The Cooling Spray System for Hot Pool Water With An Electricity Source from Solar Cells". Journal of Evrímata: Engineering and Physics. 31-37. 10.70822/journalofevrmata.vi.10.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70822/journalofevrmata.vi.10[19] P. Suresh, J. J. Vijaya, T. Balasubramaniam, and L. John Kennedy. (2016). "Synergy effect in the photocatalytic degradation of textile dyeing waste water by using microwave combustion synthesized nickel oxide supported activated carbon". Desalination and Water Treatment. 57 (8): 3766-3781. 10.1080/19443994.2014.989276.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.989276[20] R. Mahadevan, S. Palanisamy, and P. Sakthivel. (2023). "Role of nanoparticles as oxidation catalyst in the treatment of textile wastewater: Fundamentals and recent advances". Sustainable Chemistry for the Environment. 4. 10.1016/j.scenv.2023.100044.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scenv.2023.100044[21] W. Xie, T. Cheng, C. Chen, C. Sun, L. Qi, and Z. Zhang. (2020). "Optimizing and modeling Cu(II) removal from simulated wastewater using attapulgite modified with Keggin ions with the aid of RSM, BP-ANN, and GA-BP". Desalination and Water Treatment. 207 : 270-286. 10.5004/dwt.2020.26429.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2020.26429[22] A. Asrori, M. F. S. Alfarisyi, A. M. Zainuri, and E. Naryono. (2024). "Characterization of the Bioenergy Potential of Corncob and Rice Husk mixtures in Biochar Briquettes". Evrimata: Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 14-20. 10.70822/evrmata.vi.22.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70822/evrmata.vi.22[23] M. Ali and M. A. Tindyala. (2018). "Thermoanalytical studies on acid-treated rice husk and production of some silicon based ceramics from carbonised rice husk". Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies. 3 (3): 311-316. 10.1016/j.jascer.2015.06.003.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jascer.2015.06.003[24] N. N. Nguyen, A. V. Nguyen, and M. Konarova. (2025). "Converting rice husk biomass into value-added materials for low-carbon economies: Current progress and prospect toward more sustainable practices". Journal of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 13 (2). 10.1016/j.jece.2025.115499.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2025.115499[25] E. Puspitasari, Y. Eko, A. Lisa, and A. Nila. (2024). "Small PLTS Off Grid 240 WP On Residential House Rooftop". Evrimata: Journal of Mechanical Engineering. 81-87. 10.70822/evrmata.v1i03.56.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70822/evrmata.v1i03.56[26] R. M. Mohamed, I. A. Mkhalid, M. Abdel Salam, and M. A. Barakat. (2013). "Zeolite Y from rice husk ash encapsulated with Ag-TiO2: characterization and applications for photocatalytic degradation catalysts". Desalination and Water Treatment. 51 (40-42): 7562-7569. 10.1080/19443994.2013.775671.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2013.775671[27] J. Hayfron, S. Jaaskelainen, and S. Tetteh. (2025). "Synthesis of zeolite from rice husk ash and kaolinite clay for the removal of methylene blue from aqueous solution". Heliyon. 11 (1): e41325. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41325.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e41325[28] Y. Kusumawati, A. S. Hutama, D. V. Wellia, and R. Subagyo. (2021). "Natural resources for dye-sensitized solar cells". Heliyon. 7 (12): e08436. 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08436.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08436[29] I. Saukani, E. Nuraini, A. Sukoco Heru Sumarno, R. Tri Turani Saptawati, I. Islahunufus, and F. I. Sifaunnufus Ms. (2024). "Buck-boost converter in photovoltaics for battery chargers". Journal of Evrímata: Engineering and Physics. 85-89. 10.70822/journalofevrmata.vi.26.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.70822/journalofevrmata.vi.26[30] R. A. Bakar, R. Yahya, and S. N. Gan. (2016). "Production of High Purity Amorphous Silica from Rice Husk". Procedia Chemistry. 19 : 189-195. 10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.092.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2016.03.092[31] S. Chavan, D. Mitra, and A. Ray. (2024). "Harnessing rice husks: Bioethanol production for sustainable future". Current Research in Microbial Sciences. 7 : 100298. 10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100298.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.crmicr.2024.100298[32] I. G. Bawa Susana, I. B. Alit, and I. D. K. Okariawan. (2023). "Rice husk energy rotary dryer experiment for improved solar drying thermal performance on cherry coffee". Case Studies in Thermal Engineering. 41. 10.1016/j.csite.2022.102616.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2022.102616