Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science
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https://doi.org/10.47352/jmans.2774-3047.318
Rinawati Rinawati
Elsa Fitrianingsih
Dian Rifani Muthia
Siti Salwa Khotijah
Agung Abadi Kiswandono
Widiarti Widiarti
Achmad Gus Fahmi
Tarmizi Taher
Pharmaceutical waste containing antibiotics is a major contributor to water pollution. The widespread use of ciprofloxacin (CIP), an antibiotic, causes residues to accumulate in the environment, especially in aquatic habitats, causing ecological damage. A dispersive solid-phase extraction (DSPE) method was selected to trace CIP residues in the natural environment. Graphene oxide (GO) serves as an absorbent in the DSPE procedure. To achieve the best results, an evaluation is needed to identify the most favorable absorption conditions for CIP. This study used a modified Hummers method to produce GO from cassava peel waste, which contains a lot of carbon and cellulose. Then the GO was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The response surface method (RSM) was based on a Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The CIP adsorption conditions were determined by considering the adsorbent dosage, pH, CIP concentration, and contact time. The adsorption capacity of 99.87% was achieved under the following conditions: pH 4.4; contact time of 35.2112 min; concentration of CIP 619.119 ppb; and adsorbent dosage 23.3237 mg. The method demonstrated linearities R2 of 0,9987 with a detection limit of 4.05 ppb and a quantification limit of 13.50 ppb, and %RSD in the range 3–5%, and recovery of 98.90%. It confirms that GO from cassava peel waste has the potential to be an adsorbent for the antibiotic CIP. This study provides a novel approach by employing cassava peel-derived GO for DSPE, achieving nearly complete CIP removal (99.87%), thereby offering a sustainable and highly sensitive method for environmental monitoring.
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